HTML Forms
HTML Forms are required, when you want to
collect some data from the site visitor. For example, during user registration
you would like to collect information such as name, email address, credit card,
etc.
The HTML <form> tag is
used to create an HTML form and it has following syntax −
<form
action = "Script URL" method = "GET|POST">
form elements like input, textarea etc.
</form>
Form
Attributes
Apart from common attributes, following is a
list of the most frequently used form attributes −
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
action Backend script ready to process your passed
data. |
|
2 |
method Method to be used to upload data. The most
frequently used are GET and POST methods. |
|
3 |
target Specify the target window or frame where the
result of the script will be displayed. It takes values like _blank, _self,
_parent etc. |
|
4 |
enctype You can use the enctype attribute to specify
how the browser encodes the data before it sends it to the server. Possible
values are − application/x-www-form-urlencoded − This is the standard method most forms
use in simple scenarios. mutlipart/form-data − This is used when you want to upload
binary data in the form of files like image, word file etc. |
HTML
Form Controls
There are different types of form controls that
you can use to collect data using HTML form −
- Text Input Controls
- Checkboxes Controls
- Radio Box Controls
- Select Box Controls
- File Select boxes
- Hidden Controls
- Clickable Buttons
- Submit and Reset Button
Text
Input Controls
There are three types of text input used on
forms −
·
Single-line
text input controls − This control is
used for items that require only one line of user input, such as search boxes
or names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.
·
Password
input controls − This is also a
single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a user enters it.
They are also created using HTMl <input> tag.
·
Multi-line
text input controls − This is used
when the user is required to give details that may be longer than a single
sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.
Single-line
text input controls
This control is used for items that require only
one line of user input, such as search boxes or names. They are created using
HTML <input> tag.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Input
Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
First name: <input type =
"text" name = "first_name" />
<br>
Last name: <input type =
"text" name = "last_name" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag
for creating text field.
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
type Indicates the type of input control and for text input
control it will be set to text. |
|
2 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
3 |
value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the
control. |
|
4 |
size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in
terms of characters. |
|
5 |
maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user
can enter into the text box. |
Password input controls
This is also a single-line text input but it masks the
character as soon as a user enters it. They are also created using HTML
<input>tag but type attribute is set to password.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Input
Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type =
"text" name = "user_id" />
<br>
Password: <input type =
"password" name = "password" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag
for creating password field.
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
type Indicates the type of input control and for password input
control it will be set to password. |
|
2 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
3 |
value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the
control. |
|
4 |
size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in
terms of characters. |
|
5 |
maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user
can enter into the text box. |
Multiple-Line Text Input Controls
This is used when the user is required to give details that
may be longer than a single sentence. Multi-line input controls are created
using HTML <textarea> tag.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input
Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Description : <br />
<textarea rows = "5" cols
= "50" name = "description">
Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <textarea>
tag.
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
2 |
rows Indicates the number of rows of text area box. |
|
3 |
cols Indicates the number of columns of text area box |
Checkbox Control
Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to
be selected. They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type
attribute is set to checkbox..
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Checkbox
Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type = "checkbox"
name = "maths" value = "on"> Maths
<input type = "checkbox"
name = "physics" value = "on"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <checkbox>
tag.
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input
control it will be set to checkbox.. |
|
2 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
3 |
value The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected. |
|
4 |
checked Set to checked if you want to select it by
default. |
Radio Button Control
Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one
option is required to be selected. They are also created using HTML <input>
tag but type attribute is set to radio.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Radio Box
Control</title>
<body>
<form>
<input type = "radio"
name = "subject" value = "maths"> Maths
<input type = "radio"
name = "subject" value = "physics"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for radio button.
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input
control it will be set to radio. |
|
2 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
3 |
value The value that will be used if the radio box is selected. |
|
4 |
checked Set to checked if you want to select it by
default. |
Select Box Control
A select box, also called drop down box which provides
option to list down various options in the form of drop down list, from where a
user can select one or more options.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Select Box
Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<select name =
"dropdown">
<option value =
"Maths" selected>Maths</option>
<option value =
"Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of important attributes of
<select> tag −
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
2 |
size This can be used to present a scrolling list box. |
|
3 |
multiple If set to "multiple" then allows a user to
select multiple items from the menu. |
Following is the list of important attributes of
<option> tag −
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
value The value that will be used if an option in the select box
box is selected. |
|
2 |
selected Specifies that this option should be the initially
selected value when the page loads. |
|
3 |
label An alternative way of labeling options |
File Upload Box
If you want to allow a user to upload a file to your web
site, you will need to use a file upload box, also known as a file select box.
This is also created using the <input> element but type attribute is set
to file.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload
Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type = "file" name
= "fileupload" accept = "image/*" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Attributes
Following is the list of important attributes of file upload
box −
|
Sr.No |
Attribute & Description |
|
1 |
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the
server to be recognized and get the value. |
|
2 |
accept Specifies the types of files that the server accepts. |
Button Controls
There are various ways in HTML to create clickable buttons.
You can also create a clickable button using <input>tag by setting its
type attribute to button. The type attribute can take the following values
−
|
Sr.No |
Type & Description |
|
1 |
submit This creates a button that automatically submits a form. |
|
2 |
reset This creates a button that automatically resets form
controls to their initial values. |
|
3 |
button This creates a button that is used to trigger a
client-side script when the user clicks that button. |
|
4 |
image This creates a clickable button but we can use an image as
background of the button. |
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload
Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type = "submit"
name = "submit" value = "Submit" />
<input type = "reset"
name = "reset" value =
"Reset" />
<input type = "button"
name = "ok" value = "OK" />
<input type = "image"
name = "imagebutton" src = "/html/images/logo.png" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Hidden Form Controls
Hidden form controls are used to hide data inside the page
which later on can be pushed to the server. This control hides inside the code
and does not appear on the actual page. For example, following hidden form is
being used to keep current page number. When a user will click next page then
the value of hidden control will be sent to the web server and there it will
decide which page will be displayed next based on the passed current page.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload
Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<p>This is page 10</p>
<input type = "hidden"
name = "pagename" value = "10" />
<input type = "submit"
name = "submit" value = "Submit" />
<input type = "reset"
name = "reset" value =
"Reset" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
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