HTML tables
The HTML tables allow web authors to
arrange data like text, images, links, other tables, etc. into rows and columns
of cells.
The HTML tables are created using
the <table> tag in which the <tr> tag is used
to create table rows and <td> tag is used to create data cells.
The elements under <td> are regular and left aligned by default
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Tables</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
the border is an attribute of
<table> tag and it is used to put a border across all the cells. If you
do not need a border, then you can use border = "0".
Table Heading
Table heading can be defined using <th> tag.
This tag will be put to replace <td> tag, which is used to represent
actual data cell. Normally you will put your top row as table heading as shown
below, otherwise you can use <th> element in any row. Headings, which are
defined in <th> tag are centered and bold by default.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Header</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Course </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mandavi</td>
<td>DDA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shukwant</td>
<td>PGDCA</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Cellpadding and Cellspacing
Attributes
There are two attributes called cellpadding and cellspacing which
you will use to adjust the white space in your table cells. The cellspacing
attribute defines space between table cells, while cellpadding represents the
distance between cell borders and the content within a cell.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Cellpadding</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" cellpadding
= "5" cellspacing = "5">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mandavi</td>
<td>DDA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shuwant</td>
<td>PGDCA</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Colspan and Rowspan Attributes
You will use colspan attribute
if you want to merge two or more columns into a single column. Similar way you
will use rowspan if you want to merge two or more rows.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Colspan/Rowspan</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1
Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row
3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Tables Backgrounds
You can set table background using one
of the following two ways −
bgcolor attribute − You can set background color for whole table or
just for one cell.
background attribute − You can set background image for whole table or
just for one cell.
You can also set border color also
using bordercolor attribute.
Note − The bgcolor, background,
and bordercolor attributes deprecated in HTML5. Do not use these
attributes.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Background</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" bordercolor
= "green" bgcolor = "yellow">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row
1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row
3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
background attribute
Here we will use an image available in
/images directory.
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Background</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" bordercolor
= "green" background = "/images/test.png">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row
1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td><td>Row
1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row
3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Table Height and Width
You can set a table width and height
using width and height attributes. You can specify table
width or height in terms of pixels or in terms of percentage of available
screen area.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Width/Height</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" width = "400"
height = "150">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Table Caption
The caption tag will serve as
a title or explanation for the table and it shows up at the top of the table.
This tag is deprecated in newer version of HTML/XHTML.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table Caption</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<caption>This is the caption</caption>
<tr>
<td>row 1, column 1</td><td>row
1, columnn 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, column 1</td><td>row
2, columnn 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Table Header, Body, and Footer
Tables can be divided into three
portions − a header, a body, and a foot. The head and foot are rather similar
to headers and footers The three elements for separating the head, body, and
<thead> − to create a separate table header.
<tbody> − to indicate the main body of the table.
<tfoot> − to create a separate table footer.
A table may contain several
<tbody> elements to indicate different pages or groups of data.
But it is notable that <thead> and <tfoot> tags should appear
before <tbody>
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<thead>
<tr>
<td colspan = "4">This
is the head of the table</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td colspan = "4">This is the foot of the table</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Cell 1</td>
<td>Cell 2</td>
<td>Cell 3</td>
<td>Cell 4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Nested Tables
You can use one table inside another
table. Not only tables you can use almost all the tags inside table data tag
<td>.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<tr>
<td>
<table border = "1"
width = "100%">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mandavi</td>
<td>DDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shukwant</td>
<td>PGDCA</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
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